How is inflation best defined?

Inflation is best defined as the rate at which the general level of prices rises, which impacts the purchasing power of money. When inflation occurs, the cost of goods and services tends to increase over time, meaning that each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services than it did in the past. This concept reflects the overall increase in price levels across the economy, influenced by various factors such as demand-pull effects, cost-push elements, and monetary policy.

Understanding inflation is crucial for consumers, businesses, and policymakers as it affects household budgets, investments, savings, and overall economic health. The other options provide definitions or descriptions that do not encompass the core concept of inflation. For instance, changes in employment rates or economic production do not directly measure price increases, and fluctuations in currency exchange rates pertain more to international economics rather than domestic inflation. Thus, recognizing inflation as the rise in the general level of prices is central to grasping its economic implications.